Caring for Lemon

Lemons need consistent moisture but hate sitting in water. In spring and summer, water whenever the top 3–4 cm of compost feels dry—often every few days in hot weather. Water thoroughly until it runs from the drainage holes, then allow the pot to drain completely. In autumn and winter, when growth slows, reduce watering significantly; the compost should be barely moist. Overwatering in winter is the most common cause of root rot. Feed regularly from April through to August using a specialist citrus fertiliser, which provides the trace elements—especially iron and magnesium—that lemons need to avoid yellowing leaves. Follow the label instructions, typically every two weeks during the growing season. Stop feeding in autumn and winter. Because lemons are not hardy below zone 9a, you must bring container-grown plants indoors before the first frosts, usually by late October. Overwinter them in a cool, bright room, unheated greenhouse or conservatory where temperatures stay between 5–15 °C. Avoid warm living rooms; high temperatures and low light cause leaf drop. Ventilate on mild days to prevent fungal issues. Watch for scale insects, aphids and red spider mite, especially indoors where air is dry. Wipe leaves regularly with a damp cloth and treat infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or biological controls. Yellowing leaves often signal nutrient deficiency or overwatering; adjust feeding and watering accordingly. Mulch outdoor pots lightly with gravel to conserve moisture and keep roots cool in summer, but never pile organic mulch against the stem.