Braam

Rubus fruticosus

Engels: Blackberry

fruitRosaceae🇳🇱 InheemsEetbaar

Braam (Rubus fruticosus) is a native to the Netherlands, edible fruit plant from the Rosaceae family that grows up to 250cm tall. This plant thrives in full sun to partial shade and requires moderate maintenance. Blooms in summer with white, pink flowers and attracts bees and butterflies and birds.

Hoogte

100–250 cm

Breedte

100–300 cm

Zonligging

full sun, partial shade

Waterbehoefte

moderate

Grondsoort

loam, clay soil, sandy soil

Onderhoud

moderate maintenance

Bloeitijd

summer

Bloemkleuren

white, pink

Ecologische waarde

Trekt bijen aan

🦋 Trekt vlinders aan

Trekt vogels aan

Verzorgingskalender

Taak	Jan	Feb	Mrt	Apr	Mei	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Okt	Nov	Dec
🌱Planten
✂️Snoeien
💧Bemesten
🍎Oogsten

Care tips

Planting

Blackberries thrive in full sun or partial shade, though a sunny position will give you the heaviest crop and sweetest fruit. They tolerate a wide range of soils—loam, clay, or sandy—but prefer ground that is moisture-retentive yet well-drained. Before planting, dig in plenty of well-rotted compost or manure to improve structure and fertility, especially on lighter sandy soils. Plant bare-root canes in October, November, March, or April; container-grown plants can go in any time during these months, though autumn planting allows roots to establish before spring growth. Space plants 200 cm apart—blackberries spread vigorously and need room. Dig a hole wide and deep enough to accommodate the root ball comfortably. Set the cane at the same depth it was growing previously; you'll see a soil mark on the stem. Firm the soil gently around the roots, ensuring no air pockets remain. Immediately after planting, cut the cane down to about 25 cm above ground level. This seems drastic but encourages strong new shoots from the base. Water thoroughly, then apply a 5–8 cm layer of well-rotted compost, bark chips, or straw as mulch around the base, keeping it clear of the stem itself. Mulch suppresses weeds and conserves moisture. Blackberries are vigorous climbers and need support. Erect a post-and-wire system before or soon after planting: use horizontal wires at 90 cm, 120 cm, and 150 cm above ground. As new canes grow during the first season, tie them loosely to the wires with soft twine. Water regularly during dry spells in the first year to help establishment.

Pruning

Blackberries fruit on canes produced the previous year, so pruning is essential to keep plants productive and manageable. Prune in August or September, immediately after you've finished harvesting. This timing allows you to remove old wood while new canes are still growing and easy to distinguish. The principle is simple: cut out all canes that have just fruited, right down to ground level. These canes will not fruit again and quickly become woody and congested if left. Use sharp secateurs or loppers, and wear thick gloves—blackberry thorns are vicious. Remove the old canes entirely from the plant and dispose of them; don't leave them tangled in the wires. You'll notice vigorous new green canes that have grown during the summer. These will bear next year's fruit. Select the strongest four to six canes per plant and tie them into your wire support, spacing them evenly to allow air and light to reach all parts. Fan them out or train them along the wires in a systematic pattern—many gardeners use a fan or rope system to keep fruiting and new canes separate during the growing season. Cut out any weak, damaged, or excess new canes at ground level to prevent overcrowding. In late winter (February), tip-prune the retained canes by removing the top 10–15 cm to encourage side shoots, which will carry the fruit. If your variety is thornless, the job is far more pleasant, but the principle remains identical. Regular annual pruning keeps blackberries vigorous, healthy, and cropping reliably.

Maintenance

Blackberries have moderate water needs. Water regularly during dry spells, especially while plants are establishing and during flowering and fruiting in summer. A thorough weekly soak is better than frequent shallow watering. Reduce watering after harvest in autumn, but don't let the soil dry out completely over winter. Feed in March or April as growth resumes. Apply a general-purpose granular fertiliser such as Growmore or blood, fish, and bone around the base of each plant, following packet rates. Alternatively, use a high-potash feed (tomato fertiliser) in late spring to promote flowering and fruit development. Top up mulch each spring with well-rotted compost or manure; this feeds the soil, conserves moisture, and suppresses weeds. Blackberries are fully hardy in zones 5a–9b and need no special winter protection in temperate Europe. However, tying canes securely to wires before winter prevents wind damage. In very exposed sites, consider a temporary windbreak screen for young plants. Common pests include aphids on new shoot tips in spring—squash by hand or spray with insecticidal soap if necessary. Raspberry beetle can affect fruit; small grubs inside berries are the telltale sign. Birds are the main harvest competitor; netting is the only reliable solution once fruit begins to ripen in July. Diseases to watch for include cane spot (purple blotches on stems) and spur blight, both encouraged by overcrowding and poor air circulation—another reason to prune diligently. Grey mould (botrytis) can affect fruit in wet summers; pick and discard infected berries promptly. Keep the base weed-free and avoid overhead watering to reduce disease risk.