Lemon in February: monthly care

Prune your lemon tree in January, February or March, while it is semi-dormant and before the main flush of spring growth begins. Pruning at this time minimises stress and allows the plant to put energy into new shoots and fruit production. You'll need clean, sharp secateurs and possibly loppers for thicker stems. Start by removing any dead, damaged or diseased wood, cutting back to healthy tissue. Then take out any crossing or rubbing branches that clutter the centre of the canopy; good air circulation reduces fungal problems and allows light to reach ripening fruit. Lemons fruit on the previous season's wood, so avoid heavy pruning that removes all young growth. Aim to create an open, balanced framework. Shorten wayward shoots by about one-third to encourage bushier growth, and trim back any long, leggy stems to maintain a compact shape—especially important if you're moving the tree in and out of a greenhouse or conservatory. Remove any suckers growing from below the graft union, as these will be rootstock rather than lemon and will sap the plant's energy. If your lemon has become very congested or overgrown, you can prune more heavily, but spread the work over two or three years to avoid shocking the plant. Light, regular pruning is far better than infrequent drastic cuts. After pruning, clear away all debris from the pot surface and give the foliage a gentle spray with water to remove dust and discourage pests. Feed lightly a few weeks later to support the new growth that follows.