Caring for Peony

Peonies have moderate water needs and perform best with consistent moisture during spring and early summer when they are actively growing and flowering. Water deeply during dry spells in April, May and June, aiming to keep the soil evenly moist but never waterlogged. Once flowering finishes, they become more drought-tolerant, though prolonged dryness can weaken next year's display. In autumn and winter, natural rainfall is usually sufficient. Feed twice a year to support the large, showy blooms. In March, as new shoots emerge, apply a balanced granular fertiliser such as Growmore or blood, fish and bone around the base of the plant, keeping it clear of the crown. A second feed in September, after the foliage has been cut back, helps replenish the tuber's reserves; use a low-nitrogen, potassium-rich fertiliser such as sulphate of potash or a rose feed. Avoid high-nitrogen feeds, which promote soft growth at the expense of flowers. Mulch lightly each spring with well-rotted compost or manure, keeping it a few centimetres away from the crown to prevent rot. Peonies are fully hardy to zone 3a and require no winter protection in temperate Europe. The main pest is peony wilt, a fungal disease causing sudden collapse of stems and buds. Remove and destroy affected growth immediately. Ants are often seen on buds but do no harm—they're attracted to the nectar and may even help buds open. Occasionally, grey mould (botrytis) affects flowers in damp weather; improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering. Established peonies are otherwise remarkably trouble-free and can thrive for decades with minimal intervention.