Camellia

Camellia japonica

Engels: Camellia

shrubTheaceaeWintergroen

Camellia (Camellia japonica) is a evergreen shrub from the Theaceae family that grows up to 400cm tall. This plant thrives in partial shade and requires moderate maintenance. Blooms in early spring and spring with pink, red, white flowers and attracts bees.

Hoogte

150–400 cm

Breedte

150–300 cm

Zonligging

partial shade

Waterbehoefte

moderate

Grondsoort

peat soil, loam

Onderhoud

moderate maintenance

Bloeitijd

early spring, spring

Bloemkleuren

pink, red, white

Ecologische waarde

Trekt bijen aan

Verzorgingskalender

Taak	Jan	Feb	Mrt	Apr	Mei	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Okt	Nov	Dec
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Care tips

Planting

Camellias thrive in partial shade, ideally in a spot sheltered from early morning sun, which can damage frosted buds in late winter. Avoid exposed, windy sites. They require acidic soil with a pH of 5.5–6.5; heavy clay or alkaline conditions will cause yellowing leaves and poor growth. If your garden soil is neutral or chalky, plant in a large container filled with ericaceous compost instead. Prepare the planting hole to twice the width of the root ball but no deeper—camellias resent being planted too low. Mix plenty of well-rotted leaf mould, composted bark, or peat-free ericaceous compost into the excavated soil to improve structure and acidity. Loamy soils with good drainage suit them well, but waterlogged ground will kill the roots. Plant in March, April, September, or October when the soil is workable and temperatures are mild. Spring planting gives the roots a full growing season to establish before winter; autumn planting works well in milder zones (8–9) but risks frost damage to young plants in colder gardens. Space plants 200 cm apart to allow for their mature spread of 150–300 cm. Set the root ball so the top sits level with or very slightly above the surrounding soil—never bury the stem base. Backfill carefully, firming gently to eliminate air pockets. Water thoroughly after planting, then apply a 5–8 cm mulch of composted bark or pine needles around the base, keeping it clear of the stem. This conserves moisture and maintains acidity. Water regularly through the first summer to help roots establish.

Pruning

Camellias need very little pruning and flower best when left largely alone. They bloom on wood produced the previous year, so any heavy pruning risks removing next season's flower buds. Prune only in May or June, immediately after flowering finishes and before the plant sets new buds for the following spring. Pruning later in summer or autumn will sacrifice blooms. Use clean, sharp secateurs or loppers. Start by removing any dead, damaged, or frost-blackened stems back to healthy wood. Then take out any branches that cross or rub against each other, choosing to keep the better-placed stem. If the shrub has become congested in the centre, selectively thin a few older branches to improve air circulation and light penetration, cutting back to a main stem or the base. Camellias tolerate hard renovation pruning if an old specimen has become leggy or overgrown, but recovery is slow. If necessary, cut back up to one-third of the oldest stems to 30–60 cm from the ground in May, then repeat over two or three years rather than all at once. New growth will emerge from dormant buds lower down. For routine maintenance, simply deadhead spent flowers by snapping them off at the base to keep the plant tidy, though this isn't essential. Avoid shearing or shaping camellias into formal hedges—this destroys their natural elegance and removes flowering wood. If you need to control size, selectively shorten individual stems just above a leaf node rather than trimming the whole canopy.

Maintenance

Water camellias regularly during dry spells, especially from late summer through autumn when they are forming next spring's flower buds. Drought stress at this stage causes bud drop. Keep the root zone consistently moist but never waterlogged; camellias are intolerant of both extremes. In summer, water deeply once or twice a week if rainfall is scarce. Reduce watering in winter, but don't let the soil dry out completely, particularly for container-grown plants. Always use rainwater if your tap water is hard or alkaline. Feed in April and again in June with a fertiliser formulated for acid-loving plants (ericaceous feed). Use a slow-release granular product scattered around the root zone, or apply liquid feed every fortnight during the growing season. Avoid high-nitrogen feeds, which promote soft growth at the expense of flowers. Don't feed after mid-summer, as late feeding encourages tender growth vulnerable to frost. Refresh the mulch layer each spring with composted bark, pine needles, or leaf mould to suppress weeds, retain moisture, and maintain soil acidity. Keep mulch away from the stem to prevent rot. Camellias are generally pest-free but watch for vine weevil, particularly in containers; the larvae eat roots and can kill plants. Scale insects occasionally appear on stems and leaf undersides; treat with horticultural soap. Leaf yellowing (chlorosis) indicates alkaline soil or hard water—mulch with ericaceous compost and switch to rainwater. Bud drop is usually caused by drought, waterlogging, or sudden temperature swings rather than disease. Camellias are hardy in zones 7–9 and evergreen, so require no special winter protection in these areas, though fleece may help young plants through severe frosts in zone 7.