Vijg

Ficus carica

Engels: Fig

fruitMoraceaeEetbaar

Vijg (Ficus carica) is a edible fruit plant from the Moraceae family that grows up to 500cm tall. This plant thrives in full sun and requires moderate maintenance. Blooms in spring and attracts birds.

Hoogte

200–500 cm

Breedte

200–400 cm

Zonligging

full sun

Waterbehoefte

moderate

Grondsoort

loam, chalky soil, sandy soil

Onderhoud

moderate maintenance

Bloeitijd

spring

Ecologische waarde

Trekt vogels aan

Verzorgingskalender

Taak	Jan	Feb	Mrt	Apr	Mei	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Okt	Nov	Dec
🌱Planten
✂️Snoeien
💧Bemesten
🍎Oogsten

Care tips

Planting

Figs thrive in full sun and need a warm, sheltered position to crop reliably in temperate climates. A south- or west-facing wall is ideal, as the reflected heat helps ripen fruit and protects the plant from frost. They tolerate a wide range of soils—loam, chalky, or sandy—but good drainage is essential. Avoid overly rich soil, which encourages leafy growth at the expense of fruit. Plant bare-root or container-grown figs in October, November, or March. Autumn planting allows roots to establish before winter, while spring planting suits colder gardens. Dig a hole twice the width of the root ball but no deeper, and consider restricting the roots to encourage fruiting: line a planting pit (60 cm square and deep) with paving slabs or build a buried box, leaving the base open but filled with rubble to aid drainage. This stops the tree becoming too vigorous. Space trees 300 cm apart if planting more than one. Set the plant at the same depth it grew in the pot, firm the soil gently, and water thoroughly. Apply a 5 cm layer of well-rotted compost or bark mulch around the base, keeping it clear of the stem to prevent rot. If planting against a wall, position the stem 20–30 cm away to allow air circulation. Newly planted figs need regular watering through their first spring and summer to establish a strong root system, especially in free-draining sandy soils.

Pruning

Figs fruit on the previous year's growth, so pruning must be timed carefully to avoid removing potential crops. The main pruning window is January to March, while the tree is dormant. Use clean, sharp secateurs or a pruning saw for thicker branches. In late winter, remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches to maintain an open framework that allows light and air into the centre. If your fig is fan-trained against a wall, tie in strong young shoots to fill gaps and cut back any growing away from the wall or into the structure. On freestanding trees, aim for a balanced, open goblet shape by shortening overly long shoots to an outward-facing bud. In June, pinch out the growing tips of new shoots once they have produced five or six leaves. This encourages the formation of embryonic figs at the leaf joints, which will overwinter as pea-sized fruitlets and ripen the following summer. Remove any large, soft figs still on the tree in autumn—they won't survive winter and can harbour disease. Figs grown under glass or in mild coastal areas may need summer thinning if they become congested, but outdoor trees in cooler zones rarely require heavy pruning. Overpruning stimulates vigorous, unproductive growth, so err on the side of restraint. The goal is a tidy, well-spaced structure that maximises sunlight on ripening wood.

Maintenance

Figs have moderate water needs. Water regularly from spring through summer, especially during dry spells, to prevent fruit drop and encourage juicy, well-flavoured figs. Container-grown plants dry out quickly and may need watering daily in hot weather. Reduce watering in autumn and winter once growth slows, but don't let the soil become bone-dry. Feed in February and March with a high-potassium fertiliser such as tomato feed to promote fruiting rather than excessive leafy growth. A single application of general-purpose granular fertiliser in early spring, followed by liquid feeds every fortnight from late spring until the fruit begins to ripen, works well. Mulch annually in spring with garden compost or well-rotted manure, keeping it away from the stem. Figs are hardy in zone 7a and above, but young growth and embryonic fruit can be damaged by late frosts. In colder gardens, wrap the branches loosely in horticultural fleece during cold snaps in April and May. Container-grown figs can be moved into an unheated greenhouse or porch over winter. Common pests include fig rust (orange spots on leaves, usually cosmetic), red spider mite in hot, dry conditions, and birds pecking ripe fruit—netting may be necessary at harvest. Scale insects occasionally cluster on stems; wipe them off or treat with horticultural soap. Good air circulation and avoiding waterlogged soil help prevent fungal issues. Remove fallen leaves and fruit to reduce overwintering pests.