When to plant Lupine?

Lupins thrive in full sun or partial shade and prefer well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soil. They perform best in sandy soil or loam that doesn't become waterlogged, as they're prone to root rot in heavy, wet conditions. Avoid chalky or alkaline soils, which can cause yellowing foliage and poor growth. Before planting, dig over the site and remove weeds, but don't add manure or compost—lupins are members of the pea family and fix their own nitrogen, so rich soil encourages leafy growth at the expense of flowers. Plant lupins in March, April, September, or October. If you're planting container-grown perennials, spring is ideal, but autumn planting works well too, giving roots time to establish before winter. Space plants 45 cm apart to allow for their mature spread of 30–60 cm. Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball, position the plant so the crown sits level with the soil surface, and backfill carefully. Firm the soil gently around the base. If you're sowing lupins from seed, scarify the hard seed coat by rubbing it lightly with sandpaper or nicking it with a knife to improve germination. Sow seeds directly outdoors in March or April, about 2 cm deep, or start them in pots and transplant seedlings once they have a few true leaves. Lupins develop a deep taproot and dislike root disturbance, so handle young plants carefully. Water newly planted lupins thoroughly to settle the soil, then water regularly during dry spells for the first few months. A light mulch around the base helps retain moisture and suppress weeds, but keep it clear of the crown to prevent rot.